Withdrawal

• Only 4% failure if practiced correctly

• Urination first

• Pre-ejaculate rarely has sperm and these are dead or few in number

• Still HIV and STI risk

• Has worked for centuries…cheap

• Pudney J, Oneta M. Preejaculatory fluid as a potential vector for sexual transmission of HIV1. Lancet 1992;340:1470. Rogow D, Horowitz S. Withdrawal: a review of the literature and an agenda for research. Stud Fam Plan 1995;26:140-53.

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